If you are an expert in the field of Azure administration or development and want to be noticed by the employers, you need to think about getting the Microsoft Certified: DevOps Engineer Expert certification. If you want to earn this certificate, you should take the Microsoft AZ-400 exam.
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| Topic | Details | Weights |
|---|
| Define and implement a continuous delivery and release management strategy | - Develop deployment scripts and templates- recommend a deployment solution (e.g., GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Jenkins, CircleCI, etc.)
- design and implement Infrastructure as code (ARM, Terraform, PowerShell, CLI)
- develop application deployment process (container, binary, scripts)
- develop database deployment process (migrations, data movement, ETL)
- integrate configuration management as part of the release process
- develop complex deployments (IoT, Azure IoT Edge, mobile, App Center, DR, multi-region, CDN, sovereign cloud, Azure Stack, etc.)
- Implement an orchestration automation solution- combine release targets depending on release deliverable (e.g., Infrastructure, code,assets, etc.)
- design the release pipeline to ensure reliable order of dependency deployments
- organize shared release configurations and process (YAML templates, variable groups, Azure App Configuration)
- design and implement release gates and approval processes
- Plan the deployment environment strategy
- design a release strategy (blue/green, canary, ring)
- implement the release strategy (using deployment slots, load balancer configurations, Azure Traffic Manager, feature toggle, etc.)
- select the appropriate desired state solution for a deployment environment (PowerShell DSC, Chef, Puppet, etc.)
- plan for minimizing downtime during deployments (VIP Swap, Load balancer, rolling deployments, etc.)
- design a hotfix path plan for responding to high priority code fixes
| 10-15% |
| Develop a Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) strategy | - Develop an actionable alerting strategy- identify and recommend metrics on which to base alerts
- implement alerts using appropriate metrics
- implement alerts based on appropriate log messages
- implement alerts based on application health checks
- analyze combinations of metrics
- develop communication mechanism to notify users of degraded systems
- implement alerts for self-healing activities (e.g., scaling, failovers)
- Design a failure prediction strategy- analyze behavior of system with regards to load and failure conditions
- calculate when a system will fail under various conditions
- measure baseline metrics for system
- Leverage Application Insights Smart Detection and Dynamic thresholds in Azure Monitor
- Design and implement a health check- analyze system dependencies to determine which dependency should be included in health check
- calculate healthy response timeouts based on SLO for the service
- design approach for partial health situations
- design approach for piecemeal recovery (e.g., to improve recovery time objective strategies)
- integrate health check with compute environment
- implement different types of health checks (container liveness, startup, shutdown)
| 5-10% |
| Develop a security and compliance plan | - Design an authentication and authorization strategy- design an access solution (Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM), Azure AD Conditional Access, MFA, Azure AD B2B, etc.)
- implement Service Principals and Managed Identity
- design an application access solution using Azure AD B2C
- configure service connections
- Design a sensitive information management strategy
- evaluate and configure vault solution (Azure Key Vault, Hashicorp Vault)
- manage security certificates
- design a secrets storage and retrieval strategy (KeyVault secrets, GitHub secrets, Azure Pipelines secrets)
- formulate a plan for deploying secret files as part of a release
- Develop security and compliance
- automate dependencies scanning for security (container scanning, OWASP)
- automate dependencies scanning for compliance (licenses: MIT, GPL)
- assess and report risks
- design a source code compliance solution (e.g., GitHub Code scanning, GitHub Secretscanning, pipeline-based scans, Git hooks, SonarQube, Dependabot,etc.)
- Design governance enforcement mechanisms - implement Azure policies to enforce organizational requirements
- implement container scanning (e.g., static scanning, malware, crypto mining)
- design and implement Azure Container Registry Tasks
- design break-the-glass strategy for responding to security incidents
| 10-15% |
| Define and implement continuous integration | - Design build automation- integrate the build pipeline with external tools (e.g., Dependency and security scanning, Code coverage)
- implement quality gates (e.g., code coverage, internationalization, peer review)
- design a testing strategy (e.g., integration, load, fuzz, API, chaos)
- integrate multiple tools (e.g., GitHub Actions, Azure Pipeline, Jenkins)
- Design a package management strategy - recommend package management tools (e.g., GitHub Packages, Azure Artifacts, Azure Automation Runbooks Gallery, Nuget, Jfrog, Artifactory)
- design an Azure Artifacts implementation including linked feeds
- design versioning strategy for code assets (e.g., SemVer, date based)
- plan for assessing and updating and reporting package dependencies (GitHub Automated Security Updates, NuKeeper, GreenKeeper)
- design a versioning strategy for packages (e.g., SemVer, date based)
- design a versioning strategy for deployment artifacts
- Design an application infrastructure management strategy- assess a configuration management mechanism for application infrastructure
- define and enforce desired state configuration for environments
- Implement a build strategy - design and implement build agent infrastructure (include cost, tool selection, licenses, maintainability)
- develop and implement build trigger rules
- develop build pipelines
- design build orchestration (products that are composed of multiple builds)
- integrate configuration into build process
- develop complex build scenarios (e.g., containerized agents, hybrid, GPU)
- Maintain build strategy - monitor pipeline health (failure rate, duration, flaky tests)
- optimize build (cost, time, performance, reliability)
- analyze CI load to determine build agent configuration and capacity
- Design a process for standardizing builds across organization - manage self-hosted build agents (VM templates, containerization, etc.)
- create reuseable build subsystems (YAML templates, Task Groups, Variable Groups, etc.)
| 20-25% |
| Facilitate communication and collaboration | - Communicate deployment and release information with business stakeholders- create dashboards combining boards, pipelines (custom dashboards on Azure DevOps)
- design a cost management communication strategy
- integrate release pipeline with work item tracking (e.g., AZ DevOps, Jira, ServiceNow)
- integrate GitHub as repository with Azure Boards
- communicate user analytics
- Generate DevOps process documentation - design onboarding process for new employees
- assess and document external dependencies (e.g., integrations, packages)
- assess and document artifacts (version, release notes)
- Automate communication with team members - integrate monitoring tools with communication platforms (e.g., Teams, Slack, dashboards)
- notify stakeholders about key metrics, alerts, severity using communication and project management platforms (e.g., Email, SMS, Slack, Teams, ServiceNow, etc.)
- integrate build and release with communication platforms (e.g., build fails, release fails)
- integrate GitHub pull request approvals via mobile apps
| 10-15% |
| Develop an Instrumentation Strategy | - Design and implement logging- assess and Configure a log framework
- design a log aggregation and storage strategy (e.g., Azure storage)
- design a log aggregation and query strategy (e.g., Azure Monitor, Splunk)
- manage access control to logs (workspace-centric/resource-centric)
- integrate crash analytics (App Center Crashes, Crashlytics)
- Design and implement telemetry- design and implement distributed tracing
- inspect application performance indicators
- inspect infrastructure performance indicators
- define and measure key metrics (CPU, memory, disk, network)
- implement alerts on key metrics (email, SMS, webhooks, Teams/Slack)
- integrate user analytics (e.g., Application Insights funnels, Visual Studio App Center, TestFlight, Google Analytics)
- Integrate logging and monitoring solutions- configure and integrate container monitoring (Azure Monitor, Prometheus, etc.)
- configure and integrate with monitoring tools (Azure Monitor Application Insights, Dynatrace, New Relic, Naggios, Zabbix)
- create feedback loop from platform monitoring tools (e.g., Azure Diagnostics extension, Log Analytics agent, Azure Platform Logs, Event Grid)
- manage Access control to the monitoring platform
| 5-10% |
| Manage source control | - Develop a modern source control strategy- integrate/migrate disparate source control systems (e.g., GitHub, Azure Repos)
- design authentication strategies
- design approach for managing large binary files (e.g., Git LFS)
- design approach for cross repository sharing (e.g., Git sub-modules, packages)
- implement workflow hooks
- design approach for efficient code reviews (e.g., GitHub code review assignments, schedule reminders, Pull Analytics)
- Plan and implement branching strategies for the source code - define Pull Requests (PR) guidelines to enforce work item correlation
- implement branch merging restrictions (e.g., branch policies, branch protections, manual, etc.)
- define branch strategy (e.g., trunk based, feature branch, release branch, GitHub flow)
- design and implement a PR workflow (code reviews, approvals)
- enforce static code analysis for code-quality consistency on PR
- Configure repositories- configure permissions in the source control repository
- organize the repository with git-tags
- plan for handling oversized repositories
- plan for content recovery in all repository states
- purge data from source control
- Integrate source control with tools - integrate GitHub with DevOps pipelines
- integrate GitHub with identity management solutions (Azure AD)
- design for GitOps
- design for ChatOps
- integrate source control artifacts for human consumption (e.g., Git changelog)
- integrate GitHub Codespaces
| 10-15% |
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